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Symptoms of kidney failure:
Symptoms of kidney failure | The kidneys filter the blood and excrete waste and excess fluid into the urine, and a disorder in kidney function leads to the accumulation of waste and excess fluid in the body, which causes serious complications.
The deterioration in the functioning of the kidneys is slow, as no symptoms are distinguished in the early stages of the disease, and the appearance of symptoms increases with the exacerbation of the condition; Therefore, the disease is not discovered until late stages.
Symptoms of kidney failure
Symptoms of kidney failure include:
Decreased urine output.
Nausea and vomiting .
lack of appetite
fatigue and weakness
Difficulty sleeping .
muscle contraction;
Edema, especially in the ankles and legs.
Itch.
It is important to know that these symptoms are not limited to kidney failure, they may also appear with other diseases.
Causes and risk factors for kidney failure
Most of the time, chronic kidney failure occurs as a result of some diseases that prevent the kidneys from performing their function for long periods. Among these diseases are the following:
Diabetes (Diabetes Mellitus).
High blood pressure .
Prostate gland enlargement.
kidney stones.
Urinary bladder cancer .
Kidney cancer.
Kidney infection.
Some rheumatic diseases, such as: lupus , scleroderma, and vasculitis.
Partial or complete blockage of the artery that supplies blood to the kidneys.
Risk factors for chronic kidney failure
Risk factors for chronic kidney failure include:
heart disease ;
smoking.
obesity;
High levels of cholesterol in the blood.
A family member has kidney disease.
Complications of kidney failure
There are some complications associated with kidney failure, including the following:
fluid retention
It damaged the college ‘s ability to secrete excess fluid, causing occurrence of edema of the limbs and lungs, in addition to a rise in blood pressure.
Heart arrhythmia
The excretion of potassium from the body decreases, which leads to a rapid rise in its levels in the blood, which leads to a severe disturbance of the heart rhythm that may lead to death.
Bone fractures
The kidneys are working on balancing the levels of phosphorus and calcium in the blood, both of which are vital to building bones, and cause damage to a concentration of these minerals to the weakness in the bones and increase the likelihood of a break in.
Anemia
Anemia occurs as a result of a decrease in the hormone erythropoietin, which is secreted from the kidneys, and is responsible for stimulating the bone marrow to produce red blood cells.
Central nervous system injury
The accumulation of lead toxic substances in the body to cause damage to job performance , especially in the central system, where the patient has difficulty concentrating, changes in personality, in addition to the occurrence of seizures.
Other complications
It includes the following:
Decrease in sexual arousal.
Impotence.
Weakened immune system.
Pericarditis (Pericarditis).
Diagnosis of kidney failure
There are many ways in which kidney failure is diagnosed, such as the following:
blood tests
Through blood tests, it is possible to know the levels of some waste products in the blood, such as: urea and creatinine, in addition to some other substances, such as: calcium, phosphorous, potassium, and sodium, as the levels of these substances reflect the level of performance of t
he kidneys. .
urine test
Some things may indicate a problem with the kidneys, such as: the presence of certain substances
such as proteins in the urine, in addition to a very low concentration of waste products in the urine.
Imaging examinations
In some cases , some pictorial examinations procedure for the diagnosis of a tumor or injury, such as:
Ultrasound imaging (Ultrasound), or computed tomography .
biopsy
A biopsy is taken by inserting a needle into the body, and taking a small piece of kidney tissue, where this tissue is examined in the laboratory.
Kidney failure treatment
Treatment of chronic kidney failure focuses on the cause of the disease to avoid exacerbation of the condition, as there is no treatment that helps improve kidney function.
The treatments used can be divided as follows:
1. Lifestyle improvement
By following the following:
Reduce alcohol consumption to a minimum.
Eat as little protein and salt as possible.
Take appropriate medications in case of some diseases, such as diabetes and blood pressure.
stop smoking.
Maintaining a healthy weight.
Avoid taking some medications that increase kidney toxicity.
2. Pharmacological treatments
There are some other treatments that aim to treat complications of the disease,
such as the following:
Some blood pressure lowering medications, such as:
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARB).
Cholesterol lowering treatments.
Treatments to raise the level of hemoglobin and treat anemia.
Bone strengthening treatments.Treatments to get rid of edema.
Prevention of kidney failure
it is preferable to have a low-salt diet , because salt increases the burden on the kidneys.
Avoid smoking: it is one of the risk factors that reduce the blood supply to the kidneys, and increases the risk of kidney cancer by 50%.
Refrain from using certain medications frequently: such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), as they affect the kidneys greatly.
Periodic examinations: This helps to detect any kidney injury at an early stage, which reduces complications that may result.
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